Windows with a Logical Offset (RANGE)

The RANGE keyword defines an analytic window frame as a logical offset from the current row.

For each row, an analytic function uses the window order clause (ORDER_BY) column or expression to calculate window frame dimensions as follows:

1. Within the current partition, evaluates the ORDER_BY value of the current row against the ORDER_BY values of contiguous rows.
2. Determines which of these rows satisfy the specified range requirements relative to the current row.
3. Creates a window frame that includes only those rows.
4. Executes on the current window.

Example

This example uses the table property_sales, which contains data about neighborhood home sales:

=> SELECT property_key, neighborhood, sell_price FROM property_sales ORDER BY neighborhood, sell_price;
 property_key | neighborhood  | sell_price
--------------+---------------+------------
        10918 | Jamaica Plain |     353000
        10921 | Jamaica Plain |     450000
        10927 | Jamaica Plain |     450000
        10922 | Jamaica Plain |     474000
        10919 | Jamaica Plain |     515000
        10917 | Jamaica Plain |     675000
        10924 | Jamaica Plain |     675000
        10920 | Jamaica Plain |     705000
        10923 | Jamaica Plain |     710000
        10926 | Jamaica Plain |     875000
        10925 | Jamaica Plain |     900000
        10930 | Roslindale    |     300000
        10928 | Roslindale    |     422000
        10932 | Roslindale    |     450000
        10929 | Roslindale    |     485000
        10931 | Roslindale    |     519000
        10938 | West Roxbury  |     479000
        10933 | West Roxbury  |     550000
        10937 | West Roxbury  |     550000
        10934 | West Roxbury  |     574000
        10935 | West Roxbury  |     598000
        10936 | West Roxbury  |     615000
        10939 | West Roxbury  |     720000
(23 rows)

The analytic function AVG can obtain the average of proximate selling prices within each neighborhood. The following query calculates for each home the average sale for all other neighborhood homes whose selling price was $50k higher or lower:

=> SELECT property_key, neighborhood, sell_price, AVG(sell_price) OVER(
     PARTITION BY neighborhood ORDER BY sell_price 
     RANGE BETWEEN 50000 PRECEDING and 50000 FOLLOWING)::int AS comp_sales 
     FROM property_sales ORDER BY neighborhood;
 property_key | neighborhood  | sell_price | comp_sales
--------------+---------------+------------+------------
        10918 | Jamaica Plain |     353000 |     353000
        10927 | Jamaica Plain |     450000 |     458000
        10921 | Jamaica Plain |     450000 |     458000
        10922 | Jamaica Plain |     474000 |     472250
        10919 | Jamaica Plain |     515000 |     494500
        10917 | Jamaica Plain |     675000 |     691250
        10924 | Jamaica Plain |     675000 |     691250
        10920 | Jamaica Plain |     705000 |     691250
        10923 | Jamaica Plain |     710000 |     691250
        10926 | Jamaica Plain |     875000 |     887500
        10925 | Jamaica Plain |     900000 |     887500
        10930 | Roslindale    |     300000 |     300000
        10928 | Roslindale    |     422000 |     436000
        10932 | Roslindale    |     450000 |     452333
        10929 | Roslindale    |     485000 |     484667
        10931 | Roslindale    |     519000 |     502000
        10938 | West Roxbury  |     479000 |     479000
        10933 | West Roxbury  |     550000 |     568000
        10937 | West Roxbury  |     550000 |     568000
        10934 | West Roxbury  |     574000 |     577400
        10935 | West Roxbury  |     598000 |     577400
        10936 | West Roxbury  |     615000 |     595667
        10939 | West Roxbury  |     720000 |     720000
(23 rows)

AVG processes this query as follows:

1. AVG evaluates row 1 of the first partition (Jamaica Plain), but finds no sales within $50k of this row's sell_price, ($353k). AVG creates a window that includes this row only, and returns an average of 353k for row 1:
   
   
2. AVG evaluates row 2 and finds three sell_price values within $50k of the current row. AVG creates a window that includes these three rows, and returns an average of 458k for row 2:
   
3. AVG evaluates row 3 and finds the same three sell_price values within $50k of the current row. AVG creates a window identical to the one before, and returns the same average of 458k for row 3:
   
   
4. AVG evaluates row 4 and finds four sell_price values within $50k of the current row. AVG expands its window to include rows 2 through 5, and returns an average of $472.25k for row 4:
   
5. In similar fashion, AVG evaluates the remaining rows in this partition. When the function evaluates the first row of the second partition (Roslindale), it resets the window as follows:
   
   

Restrictions

If RANGE specifies a constant value, that value's data type and the window's ORDER BY data type must be the same. The following exceptions apply:

• RANGE can specify INTERVAL Year to Month if the window order clause data type is one of following: TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE, or DATE. TIME and TIME WITH TIMEZONE are not supported.
• RANGE can specify INTERVAL Day to Second if the window order clause data is one of following: TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE, DATE, TIME, or TIME WITH TIMEZONE.

The window order clause must specify one of the following data types: NUMERIC, DATE/TIME, FLOAT or INTEGER. This requirement is ignored if the window specifies one of following frames:

• RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
• RANGE BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
• RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING